A Rush to Judgment

“I am convinced,” said he, writing to his Langholm friend [Andrew Little], “that the situation of Great Britain is such, that nothing short of some signal revolution can prevent her from sinking into bankruptcy, slavery, and insignificancy.” He held that the national expenditure was so enormous, arising from the corrupt administration of the country, that it was impossible the “bloated mass could hold together any longer”; and as he could not expect that “a hundred Pulteneys,” such as his employer, could be found to restore it to health, the conclusion he arrived at was that ruin was “inevitable.” [...]

It is only right to add, that as Telford grew older and wiser, he became more careful in jumping at conclusions on political topics. The events which shortly occurred in France tended in a great measure to heal his mental distresses as to the future of England.* When the “liberty” won by the Parisians ran into riot, and the “Friends of Man” occupied themselves in taking off the heads of those who differed from them, he became wonderfully reconciled to the enjoyment of the substantial freedom which, after all, was secured to him by the English Constitution.

abridged

Abridged from ‘The Life of Thomas Telford, Civil Engineer: With an Introductory History of Roads and Travelling in Great Britain’ (1867) by Samuel Smiles (1812-1904).

* A reference to the Reign of Terror in 1793-1794, in which 16,594 lawful death sentences were carried out across France. Tom Paine watched it from a prison cell, following his protest over the execution of King Louis XVI in January 1793. Despite his front-row seat, Paine remained committed to his revolutionary ideals, and before he returned to the United States of America in 1802 he assisted Napoleon Bonaparte in devising plans for the invasion of Britain. Paine died at New York in 1809.

Précis
Telford recommended Paine’s book to his friends back home in Galloway, and freely expressed his dismay at the country’s finances and the British constitution. Happily, for Smiles at any rate, Telford’s revolutionary ardour gradually cooled and soon he no longer had to explain how ‘liberty, equality and fraternity’ could justify the killing of so many people.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

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