A Simple Folk Without Guile

Ah! blind folk, full of all folly! Ye had not wrought in that fashion had ye taken heed how that king always, without rest, laboured to gain sovereignty, and by force to seize lands, like Wales and Ireland, bordering his own. Ye might have seen he should seize by sleight what he could not by open force. Had ye taken heed what thraldom was, and had ye considered his custom, that grasped always, without giving again, ye should, without his decision, have chosen a king who might well and rightly have held the land. Wales might have been an example to you had ye foreseen.

Wise men say he is happy who corrects himself by others’ errors. For evil things may befall as well to-morrow as yesterday. But ye trusted in loyalty, like simple folk without guile, and knew not what should afterwards take place.

abridged

Abridged from ‘The Bruce’ compiled in 1375 by John Barbour (?1320-1395), edited (1907) by George Eyre-Todd (1862-1937).
Précis
The Scots’ trust in Edward turned out to be misplaced. Barbour believed that this should have been no surprise to anyone who had watched Edward’s greedy annexation of both Wales and Ireland. But the Scots were naive, he said, failing to learn the lessons of history and turning a blind eye to the consequences of their actions.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

Whom did Barbour accuse of folly?

Suggestion

The Scottish barons who trusted Edward I.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Edward wanted to conquer Scotland. The Scots should have known. He had conquered Wales and Ireland.

See if you can include one or more of these words in your answer.

IAttention. IIBorder. IIISurprise.

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