A ’Tivity Trick

“Well, William had to turn about and play on, willy-nilly; and ’twas only three o’clock in the world and ’a knowed that nobody would come that way for hours, and he so leery and tired that ’a didn’t know what to do. When he’d scraped till about four o’clock he felt that he verily would have to give over soon, and he said to himself, ‘There’s only this last tune between me and eternal welfare. Heaven save me, or I’m a done man.’ Well, then he called to mind how he’d seed the cattle kneel o’ Christmas Eves in the dead o’ the night. It was not Christmas Eve then, but it came into his head to play a trick upon the bull. So he broke into the ’Tivity Hymn,* just as at Christmas carol-singing; when, lo and behold, down went the bull on his bended knees, in his ignorance, just as if ’twere the true ’Tivity night and hour. As soon as his horned friend were down, William turned, clinked off like a long-dog,* and jumped safe over hedge, before the praying bull had got on his feet again to take after him.* William used to say that he’d seen a man look a fool a good many times, but never such a fool as that bull looked when he found his pious feelings had been played upon, and ’twas not Christmas Eve — Yes, William Dewy, that was the man’s name; and I can tell ye to a foot where he’s a-lying in Mellstock Churchyard at this very moment — just between the second yew-tree and the north aisle.”

From ‘Tess of the Durbervilles’ (1894), by Thomas Hardi (1840-1928).

* That is, the Nativity Hymn. Hardy does not specify which Christmas hymn this was, but one of the most popular among carol-singers of the Victorian era was Charles Wesley’s Hark the Herald Angels Sing, written in 1739 and for many years the only one of his hymns bundled in with copies of the Book of Common Prayer.

* Clink off is a dialect verb, meaning to run quickly away. A long-dog is a sighthound dog, a dog that hunts primarily by sight and speed rather than scent and endurance, such as a greyhound or a whippet.

* Hardy’s friend Rebekah Owen noted in her copy of Tess, “Mr Hardy said, ‘There was something like this once’”. Something very like it indeed had happened to cricketer John Small, just a few years before Hardy was writing: see Bass, Bat and Bull.

Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

After spending several hours cornered by the bull, how did Dewy give himself a chance of escape?

Suggestion

By getting the bull to kneel down.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

There was a hedge behind Dewy. He couldn’t get over it. The bull was too quick for him.

See if you can include one or more of these words in your answer.

IBefore. IIEscape. IIITime.

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