Amen to That

It is just so now, for unfortunately there still remains the disposition to be excited on these questions. Some poet, I forget which it is,* has said:

Religion, freedom, vengeance, what you will,
A word’s enough to raise mankind to kill;
Some cunning phrase by faction caught and spread.
That guilt may reign, and wolves and worms be fed.

Some cunning phrase by faction caught and spread like the cunning phrase of ‘The balance of power’, which has been described as the ghastly phantom which the Government of this country has been pursuing for two centuries and has ‘never yet overtaken.’* Some cunning phrase like that we have now of ‘British interests.’

Lord Derby* has said the wisest thing that has been uttered by any member of this Administration during the discussions on this war when he said that the greatest of British interests is peace. And a hundred, far more than a hundred, public meetings have lately said the same; and millions of households of men and women have thought the same. To-night we shall say ‘Amen’ to this wise declaration.

From Public Addresses by John Bright (1879), edited by James E. Thorold Rogers.

* The poet is Byron. The lines come from Lara, Canto II.8. Bright’s memory was slightly at fault for the third line. Byron wrote: ‘Some factious phrase by cunning caught and spread’.

* Edward Henry Stanley (1826-1893), 15th Earl of Derby, was Benjamin Disraeli’s Foreign Secretary from February 1874 to April 1878. Bright generally had a poor opinion of the Foreign Office but Lord Derby was an anti-interventionist, and thus much more to his taste. Disraeli himself was no friend to Russia; his arch-rival William Gladstone, however, was bitterly critical of Turkey.

* From The Stripling by Joanna Baillie (1762-1851), Act IV Scene 1: “This will be triumph! this will be happiness! yea, that very thing, happiness, which I have been pursuing all my life, and have never yet overtaken”. ‘The Balance of Power’ was the idea that the Great Powers (at that time chiefly Britain, France, Germany, Turkey and Russia) should agree a mutually acceptable division of Europe in order to prevent bloodshed.

Précis
Drawing on some lines from Byron, Bright went on to decry the use of phrases such as ‘British interests’ and ‘the balance of power’ to stir up warlike sentiment. He commended Lord Derby for saying that nothing was more in Britain’s interest than peace, and expressed confidence that the majority of people in Britain would agree.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

Why did Bright praise the Foreign Secretary?

Suggestion

For saying peace was in Britain’s interest.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Some people wanted war with Russia. They said it was in Britain’s interest. Lord Derby said peace was in Britain’s interest.

See if you can include one or more of these words in your answer.

IBenefit. IIReject. IIIServe.

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