Caesar Crosses the Rubicon

Then, overtaking his cohorts at the river Rubicon, which was the boundary of his province, he paused for a while, and realising what a step he was taking, he turned to those about him and said: “Even yet we may draw back; but once cross yon little bridge, and the whole issue is with the sword.”

As he stood in doubt, this sign was given him. On a sudden there appeared hard by a being of wondrous stature and beauty, who sat and played upon a reed; and when not only the shepherds flocked to hear him, but many of the soldiers left their posts, and among them some of the trumpeters, the apparition snatched a trumpet from one of them, rushed to the river, and sounding the war-note with mighty blast, strode to the opposite bank. Then Caesar cried: “Take we the course which the signs of the gods and the false dealing of our foes point out. The die is cast,” said he.*

From ‘Suetonius’ Volume I by Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (?69-?140), translated (1913) by J. C. Rolfe.

* Suetonius’s account has furnished the English language with two useful sayings. ‘The die is cast’ means that a matter is now under the control of a higher power, as when a gambler who has thrown his dice must wait patiently for Fortune to favour him — or not. Similarly, to ‘cross the Rubicon’ means to pass the point of no return, to begin a course of action which, once begun, must be followed through to the end.

Précis
There at the River Rubicon, the boundary of his authority, Caesar halted, knowing that if he stepped across into Italy civil war was inevitable. At this tense moment, a mysterious figure appeared among the troops, playing on pipes. Suddenly he snatched a trumpet and sounded the advance. Thereupon Caesar cried to his men to follow, for the die was cast.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

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