English Spirit

IS it not the same virtue which does everything for us here in England? Do you imagine, then, that it is the Land Tax Act which raises your revenue?* that it is the annual vote in the Committee of Supply which gives you your army?* or that it is the Mutiny Bill which inspires it with bravery and discipline?*

No! surely no! It is the love of the people; it is their attachment to their government, from the sense of the deep stake they have in such a glorious institution which gives you your army and your navy, and infuses into both that liberal obedience, without which your army would be a base rabble, and your navy nothing but rotten timber.

From ‘A Speech on Moving His Resolutions for Conciliation With the Colonies’ delivered by Edmund Burke MP (1729-1797) on March 22nd, 1775, as collected in ‘Burke’s Speeches on American Taxation, on Conciliation with America, and Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol’ (1917) edited by F. G. Selby. Additional information from ‘Pennsylvania Assembly Committee: Report on Suspending Clause in Legislation, 3 September 1753,’ at Founders Online, National Archives.

* Taxation on land goes back to Norman times, but the Land Tax Acts were a series of seventeenth-century regulations culminating the the Land Tax Act of 1692. From then onwards the tax was voted in annually, until 1798 when it became permanent. The Finance Act of 1963 abolished the Land Tax.

* The Committee of Supply was a so-called ‘Committee of the Whole [House of Commons]’ in which MPs ‘resolved the House’ into a committee (without the Speaker) and debated the allocation of money from the Treasury.

* The Mutiny Act of 1689 laid out the articles of war for the armed forces, extended to militias from 1757.

Précis
Burke went on to remind the House of Commons that the unity of our own country came not from government regulation, but from a feeling among the public that they were invested in a noble project of liberty. Were that feeling ever lost, no regulation could rekindle it, and even the peerless Royal Navy would be weakened beyond recovery.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

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