Liberty and Prosperity

For these Reasons, Trade cannot be carried on so cheap as in free Countries: and whoever supplies the Commodity cheapest, will command the Market. In free Countries, Men bring out their Money for their life, Pleasure, and Profit, and think of all Ways to employ it for their Interest and Advantage. New Projects are every Day invented, new Trades searched after, new Manufactures set up; and when Tradesmen have nothing to fear but from those whom they trust, Credit will run high, and they will venture in Trade for many times as much as they are worth: But in Arbitrary Countries, Men in Trade are every Moment liable to be undone, without the Guilt of Sea or Wind, without the Folly or Treachery of their Correspondents, or their own want of Care or Industry; their Wealth shall be their Snare, and their Abilities, Vigilance, and their Success shall either be their undoing, or nothing to their Advantage: Nor can they trust any one else, or any one else them, when Payment and Performance must depend upon the Honesty and Wisdom of those who often have none.

original spelling

Abridged (preserving the original spelling) from ‘Cato’s Letters’ Vol. II (1723) by John Trenchard MP (1662-1723) and Thomas Gordon (?-1750).
Précis
In free countries (the authors went on) goods are cheap, credit is easy, new discoveries and inventions flow, and every man can pursue his dream. But in countries where the State can do as it pleases, simply being wealthy attracts the notice of grasping officials, and there is an atmosphere of well-deserved suspicion and distrust that soon stifles business.
Questions for Critics

1. What are the authors aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the authors communicate their ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Read Next

A Tale Worth All His Fortune

William Cobbett recalls his first taste of classic literature, for which he had to go without his supper.

‘Ah! Freedom is a Noble Thing’

John Balliol had to decide whether his first loyalty was to the throne of Scotland or to the man who put him there.

Equally Free

Sir Joshua Fitch urges Victorian society to let women make their own career choices – whatever they may be.