Master and Slave

MASTER. Is it impossible, then, to hold you by any ties but those of constraint and severity? Suppose I were to restore you to your liberty, would you reckon that a favour?

Slave. The greatest; for although it would only be undoing a wrong, I know too well how few among mankind are capable of sacrificing interest to justice not to prize the exertion when it is made.

Master. I do it, then; be free.

Slave. Now I am indeed your servant, though not your slave. And as the first return I can make for your kindness, I will tell you freely the condition in which you live. You are surrounded with implacable foes, who long for a safe opportunity to revenge upon you and the other planters all the miseries they have endured. You can rely on no kindness on your part, to soften the obduracy of their resentment. Superior force alone can give you security. As soon as that fails, you are at the mercy of the merciless. Such is the social bond between master and slave!*

abridged

Extracted and abridged from ‘Evenings at Home’ (1792-1796) by John Aikin (1747-1822) and his sister Anna Laetitia Barbauld (1743-1825).

* The final peroration is remarkably similar to the warning offered by Professor Horatio Smith (Leslie Howard) to General von Graum (Francis L. Sullivan) in Pimpernel Smith (1941). “May a dead man say a few words to you, General, for your enlightenment? You will never rule the world, because you are doomed. All of you who have demoralized and corrupted a nation are doomed. Tonight you will take the first step along a dark road from which there is no turning back. You will have to go on and on, from one madness to another, leaving behind you a wilderness of misery and hatred. And still you will have to go on because you will find no horizon and see no dawn, until at last you are lost and destroyed.”

Précis
To his credit, the planter accepted that if only force could keep his slave, then he may as well let him go. The slave thanked him heartily, but warned him and other benevolent slaveowners that only force was keeping their slaves in line, and that when it wavered past kindnesses would not be remembered by those they had wronged.
Questions for Critics

1. What are the authors aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the authors communicate their ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

Why did the planter offer to let his slave go?

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

A slave wanted to leave. Only force could stop him. His master set him free.

See if you can include one or more of these words in your answer.

ILiberate. IIOnce. IIIRealise.

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