Roof Riders

I MUST observe, that they have here a curious way of riding, not in, but upon a stage coach. Persons to whom it is not convenient to pay a full price, instead of the inside, sit on the top of the coach, without any seats or even a rail. By what means passengers thus fasten themselves securely on the roof of these vehicles, I know not; but you constantly see numbers seated there, apparently at their ease, and in perfect safety. This they call riding on the outside; for which they pay only half as much as those pay who are within.

We had at present six of these passengers over our heads, who, when we alighted, frequently made such a noise and bustle, as sometimes almost frightened us. He who can properly balance himself, rides not incommodiously on the outside; and in summer time, in fine weather, on account of the prospects, it certainly is more pleasant than it is within: excepting that the company is generally low.

abridged

Abridged from ‘Travels in England in 1782’ by Karl Philipp Moritz (1756-1793).
Précis
Moritz noticed with some surprise that in England it was common for some passengers to pay half price and ride on the roof of the coach. This ‘riding on the outside’ intrigued him, as he could see nothing for them to hold onto; but he conceded that on a fine summer’s day it was probably better than riding inside.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Some passengers rode on the roof. There were no seats and no rails. Moritz wondered how they stayed on.

See if you can include one or more of these words in your answer.

ICurious. IIMystery. IIIWithout.

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