The Common Tongue

It is threatened by its very ubiquity. It has spread through commerce and finance and colonial effort over the whole globe, but it has not spread in any united fashion. [...] Even those accidents which help to spread the use of English (the cinema is the most obvious example) distort and weaken the tongue, and by making it too common make it less itself.*

It is threatened through the daily Press, which is almost everywhere (but not quite everywhere) concerned with something other than exactitude and purity of speech. Outlandish words are used, because they are short and fit into headlines. Set phrases are used over and over again, because hurried composition (mostly rushed through at night) falls of its own weakness into set phrases. These set phrases (of which Stevenson said that they ought all to be cast in one line of type and kept standing for perpetual use) weaken and degrade the tongue, because the essence of any language, is a subtle exactitude in the expression of emotion, and set phrases are the enemy and opposite of that.

abridged

From an essay entitled ‘The Future of English’ in ‘The Silence of the Sea’ (1941) by Hilaire Belloc (1870-1953).

* Belloc may have in mind Falstaff’s remark in Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Part 2 that “it was always yet the trick of our English nation, if they have a good thing, to make it too common.”

Précis
The first threat to our language is the very fact of its global spread, which has loosened the link between the English people and their language. The other threat comes from the mass media, where the pressure to sell papers has led to a formulaic and shoddy English which will not reflect well on us when we have gone.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Read Next

Long Ben

An English sailor became the target of the first worldwide manhunt following an audacious act of piracy.

Everyone Has His Part

William Dampier describes the hand-to-mouth existence of the aborigines of northwest Australia, and reveals a people far advanced in charity.

It’s Good to be Merry and Wise

‘Alpha of the Plough’ thought the Victorians understood Christmas and New Year better than we do.