The Desolation of Delhi

THE people, who for many years and for generations had been natives and inhabitants of the land, were broken-hearted. Many, from the toils of the long journey, perished on the road, and those who arrived at Deogir could not endure the pain of exile.*

In despondency they pined to death. All around Deogir, which is an infidel land, there sprung up graveyards of Muslims. The Sultan was bounteous in his liberality and favours to the emigrants, both on their journey and on their arrival; but they were tender, and they could not endure the exile and suffering. They laid down their heads in that heathen land, and of all the multitudes of emigrants, few only survived to return to their home. Thus this city, the envy of the cities of the inhabited world, was reduced to ruin. The Sultan brought learned men and gentlemen, tradesmen and landholders, into the city [Delhi] from certain towns in his territory, and made them reside there.* But this importation of strangers did not populate the city; many of them died there, and more returned to their native homes. These changes and alterations were the cause of great injury to the country.

some names modernised

From ‘The history of India: as told by its own historians. Volume V’ (1906), edited from the papers of Sir Henry Miers Elliot (1808-1853). The passages by Ibn Battuta (1304-1369) come from the same volume. Additional information from ‘A Comprehensive History of India’ Volume 5 (1970) by Ahmed Khaliq Nizami (1925–1997), and ‘Hobson-Jobson: Being a Glossary of Anglo-India Colloquial Words and Phrases’ (1886) by Sir Henry Yule (1820-1889) and Arthur Coke Burnell (1840-1882).

* Ibn Battuta confirms that the Sultan soon revised his policy, but the harm had been done. “Sometime after, he wrote to the inhabitants of different provinces, commanding them to go to Delhi and repeople it. They ruined their own countries, but they did not populate Delhi, so vast and immense is that city. In fact, it is one of the greatest cities in the universe. When we entered this capital we found it in the state which has been described. It was empty, abandoned, and had but a small population.”

Précis
The experiment proved disastrous. Despite the Sultan’s largesse, many died on the long road and many of those that survived pined away in exile. The Sultan tried to repopulate Delhi by drafting in wealth-creators from neighbouring towns, but not surprisingly this artificial community failed and he was unable to undo the mischief of his earlier decree.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

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