The Petition of the Candlemakers

IF you shut up as much as possible all access to natural light, and create a demand for artificial light, which of our French manufactures will not be encouraged by it?

If more tallow is consumed, then there must be more oxen and sheep; and, consequently, we shall behold the multiplication of artificial meadows, meat, wool, hides, and, above all, manure, which is the basis and foundation of all agricultural wealth.

If more oil is consumed, then we shall have an extended cultivation of the poppy, of the olive, and of rape. These rich and exhausting plants* will come at the right time to enable us to avail ourselves of the increased fertility which the rearing of additional cattle will impart to our lands.*

Our heaths will be covered with resinous trees. Numerous swarms of bees will, on the mountains, gather perfumed treasures, now wasting their fragrance on the desert air, like the flowers from which they emanate.* No branch of agriculture but will then exhibit a cheering development.

Extracted from ‘Economic Sophisms’ (1845/1848, 1873), by Frédéric Bastiat (1801-1850). The original French version may be found at Bastiat.org.

* In French, ‘Ces plantes riches et épuisantes’, i.e. high-yield, but not the kind of crop that can be grown in the same field season after season. Fortunately, say Bastiat’s candlemakers, by the time that intense cultivation of these plants (under artificial light of course) has stripped the soil of its nutrients, animal husbandry will have provided a solution.

* In their excited planning, the candlemakers are in danger of counting their chickens before they are hatched, like The Country Milkmaid in Aesop’s fable.

* The translator has taken the liberty of making an explicit literary reference here to Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard by Thomas Grey (1716-1771), which is not so plain in the original French. For Grey’s verses, see Unsung Heroes.

Précis
The candlemakers went on to envision a France in which (though they did not explain how) even the fields, forests and mountainsides were lit only by artificial light. Step by step, they showed how both arable and animal farming would boom if the sun were shut out, benefiting not only candlemakers but the wider French economy.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Read Next

The Great Bengal Famine

The Governor of Bengal accused the East India Company of turning a crisis into a humanitarian catastrophe.

The Hare and the Tortoise

One had natural talent but no discipline, the other had discipline but no natural talent.

Jason and the Golden Fleece

A political rival sends Jason on a hopeless errand, to fetch the golden fleece.