Tom Pinch Goes Up to London

The guard, too! Seventy breezy miles a day were written in his very whiskers. His manners were a canter; his conversation a round trot. He was a fast coach upon a downhill turnpike road;* he was all pace. A waggon couldn’t have moved slowly, with that guard and his key-bugle* on the top of it.

These were all foreshadowings of London, Tom thought, as he sat upon the box, and looked about him. Such a coachman, and such a guard, never could have existed between Salisbury and any other place. The coach was none of your steady-going, yokel coaches, but a swaggering, rakish, dissipated London coach; up all night, and lying by all day, and leading a devil of a life. It cared no more for Salisbury than if it had been a hamlet. It rattled noisily through the best streets, defied the Cathedral, took the worst corners sharpest, went cutting in everywhere, making everything get out of its way, and spun along the open country-road, blowing a lively defiance out of its key-bugle, as its last glad parting legacy.

From ‘Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit’ by Charles Dickens (1812-1870).

* In some places, townspeople found that they were paying for wear and tear on their roads caused by vehicles that passed through without stopping to make any contribution to the local economy. Turnpike trusts were set up to collect tolls from these vehicles, and ensure that the cost of repairs was borne by those who did most damage. As travel and business grew in the Industrial Revolution, and railways took on the heavy freight and long-distance passengers, the inequity on which the system was based faded away, and with it the turnpike trusts.

* A key-bugle, also known as a Royal Kent bugle, has six brass keys to enable a wider range of notes than a natural bugle. According to The Royal Albert Memorial Museum & Art Gallery (RAMM) the key-bugle was invented in 1811 (other authorities say 1810) by Joseph Halliday, Bandmaster of the Cavan Militia. Again, the London coach has only the best, even in bugles.

Précis
If the driver’s dexterity was a wonder to Tom, the very appearance of the guard was a revelation. Everything about him painted pictures in Tom’s mind: of an express eating up the miles on an easy road, of the fashionable bohemianism of London life, and of a scornful farewell to a provincial backwater such as Salisbury.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Mr Pecksniff fired Tom. Tom left Salisbury for London. He did not intend to come back.

See if you can include one or more of these words in your answer.

IBehind. IIJob. IIIReturn.

Read Next

The Battle of Brunanburh

Athelstan confirmed himself as King of the English, and also reawakened a feeling that all Britain should be a united people.

The Rewards of Treachery

Cicero warns those who seek power through civic unrest that they will never be the beneficiaries of it.

The Blues, the Greens, and Belisarius

The Nika Rebellion drew a rising Roman general against some rioting sports fans, and it was a tense game.