What It Is to Be a King

THE old princess Sisygambis beheld two simply-dressed and armed Greek gentlemen enter her tent side by side, looking much as any soldiers hired into the Persian force had looked in her eyes. Yet one of these must be the terrible warrior who had twice overthrown the hosts of the Eastern Empire, and at whose mercy they all lay. How would he treat her — an aged woman, who had known little gentleness or courtesy even from those who were nearest and closest to her? She could only drop on her face at the feet of the tallest.

But the tallest drew back, and her attendants hastily pointed to the lesser man, whose fair young face, so full of gentleness and pity, had seemed to her no visage for king or conqueror; and he, stepping forward to raise her from the ground, said gently, “Be not dismayed, mother; for Hephaestion is Alexander’s other self.” Never had the poor old lady experienced the generous courtesy she met with from the stranger, and a relation almost of mother and son sprang up between them.*

From ‘A Book of Worthies, Gathered from the Old Histories’ (1869), by Charlotte Mary Yonge (1823-1901).

* Hephaestion (?356 BC - 324 BC), son of Amyntor, a Macedonian nobleman and a general in Alexander’s army, who was also one of his closest friends.

* Sisygambis’s granddaughter Stateira II married Alexander in 324 BC.

Précis
When Alexander and his friend Hephaestion presented themselves before Sisygambis, she made a desperate guess that the sterner and taller of the two must be the mighty King of Macedon. Hephaestion at once corrected her mistake, and such was Alexander’s gentle courtesy then and in the days that followed that she came to regard him as a son.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate her ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

Why did Sisygambis suppose that Hephaestion was the King of Macedon?

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Two soldiers stood before Sisygambis. She knew one was Alexander. She did not know which.

See if you can include one or more of these words in your answer.

IGuess. IIIdea. IIIWho.

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