The Night Vesuvius Blew

It was now day every where else, but there a deeper darkness prevailed than in the blackest night; which however was in some degree dissipated by torches and other lights of various kinds. They thought it expedient to go down farther upon the shore in order to observe if they might safely put out to sea; but they found the waves still run extremely high and boisterous. There my uncle, having drunk a draught or two of cold water, laid himself down upon a sail-cloth which was spread for him; when immediately the flames, preceded by a strong smell of sulphur, dispersed the rest of the company, and obliged him to rise.

He raised himself up with the assistance of two of his servants, and instantly fell down dead; suffocated, I conjecture, by some gross and noxious vapour, as having always had weak lungs, and being frequently subject to a difficulty of breathing. As soon as it was light again, which was not till the third day after this melancholy accident, his body was found entire, and without any marks of violence, exactly in the same posture in which he fell, and looking more like a man asleep than dead.

translated by William Melmoth (1746)

From a letter by Pliny the Younger (?61-114) as translated in ‘The Letters of Pliny the Consul’ Volume 1 (1746, 1796) by William Melmoth (?1710-1799).
Précis
The family reached the shore safely, but the winds were against any immediate attempt to leave by boat. Pliny, overweight and breathless, lay down to rest but a sulphurous cloud engulfed them, and they were compelled to move. Sadly, the fumes were too much for Pliny’s weakened lungs, and the others were compelled to leave him dead upon the beach.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

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