The Peasants’ Revolt

In the meantime, the rumour had gone abroad that the king was in danger, and some thousands of his friends came marching up. On seeing this body moving towards them, the insurgents fell on their knees, and begged the king to pardon their rebellious conduct. He promised to do so, and they retired to their homes.

The demands that these poor people made were not extravagant. They required to be set free from their state of slavery, to be allowed to buy and sell freely in the market towns, and to pay a fixed rent for the land they cultivated, instead of being compelled to work without pay for their feudal lords. Though the king promised pardon to all, he broke his word, and many were hanged; and the charters or letters of liberty that had been given to some of the rebels to appease them while the danger lasted, were taken from them as soon as it was over.*

From ‘A Picture History of England from the Invasion of Julius Cæsar to the Present Time, Written for the Use of the Young’ (1865), by Henry William Dulcken (1832-1894).

* GK Chesterton emphasised that this sudden change of policy came not from the King or his aristocratic advisers, but from an outraged House of Commons, which asked Richard, possibly instructed Richard, to reject the rebels’ petition out of hand. See The Commons Versus the People.

Précis
At the sight of Richard’s troops, the rebels had sued for pardon, trusting in the King’s promise to grant them the freedom to sell their labour in the dearest market, and to enjoy the fruits of it. But suddenly the pardons he had announced were rescinded, and the revolt ended with many of the rebels sent to the gallows.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

How did the King follow through on his promise to be the rebels’ leader?

Suggestion

He backtracked, rescinding pardons and hanging ringleaders.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Richard promised the rebels pardon. He changed his mind. Many were hanged.

See if you can include one or more of these words in your answer.

IGallows. IIPunish. IIIRescind.

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