Main Text

Much-loved poet Po Chu-i or Bai Juyi (772-846) was a career bureaucrat whose abilities and frank criticisms brought a head-spinning series of promotions and demotions. Here, he puzzles over a contradiction in the philosophy of Lao-tzu, a contemporary of Confucius, who was the founder of Taoism. The Tang dynasty (618-907), the royal house of Po Chu-i’s day, venerated Lao-tzu as an Imperial ancestor.

THOSE who speak“THOSE who speak know nothing;
Those who know are silent.”
These words, as I am told,
Were spoken by Lao-tzu.
If we are to believe that Lao-tzu
Was himself one who knew,

How comes it that he wrote a book
Of five thousand words?