A Mechanical Miracle

That all men die is the result of a vast induction of instances. That one or more men at given times shall be restored to life, may be as much a consequence of the law of existence appointed for man at his creation, as the appearance and reappearance of the isolated cases of apparent exception in the arithmetical machine.

But the workings of machinery run parallel to those of intellect. The Analytical Engine* might be so set, that at definite periods, known only to its maker, a certain lever might become moveable during the calculations then making. The consequence of moving it might be to cause the then existing law to be violated for one or more times, after which the original law would resume its reign. Of course the maker of the Calculating Engine might confide this fact to the person using it, who would thus be gifted with the power of prophecy if he foretold the event, or of working a miracle at the proper time, if he withheld his knowledge from those around until the moment of its taking place.

Miracles, therefore, are not the breach of established laws, but they are the very circumstances that indicate the existence of far higher laws, which at the appointed time produce their pre-intended results.

From Passages from the Life of a Philosopher (1864) by Charles Babbage (1791-1871).

* The Analytical Engine was an even more sophisticated calculating machine than the Difference Engine. By the time of his meeting with Dr Lloyd and Dr Robinson (just after constructing his first Difference Engine in 1833), Babbage was already working on the Analytical Engine, but he had built only part of it when he died in 1871. The Difference Engine basically just did addition; the Arithmetical Engine was a fully-functional computer driven by steam, programmed with punch cards. As far as we know, nobody had ever conceived such a thing before, let alone designed and attempted to build one. It is for this machine that Babbage is recognised as the Father of Computing.

Précis
‘All men die’ is a rule concluded from observation, said Babbage; but as one program can momentarily replace another in the Difference Engine, so could resurrection briefly interrupt the Universe’s normal operation — and if the divine Programmer chose to divulge his secret beforehand, a prophet might foretell it. Miracles do not break natural laws; they simply reveal higher laws.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

Which particular miracle was Babbage eager to explain?

Suggestion

Instances of dead people returning to life.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

The Universe is like a computer. God is like a computer programmer. These ideas help us understand miracles.

See if you can include one or more of these words in your answer.

IIf. IIImagine. IIIMystery.

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