A Nation’s Wealth

It is not politicians and their policies that create wealth, but the hard work and ingenuity of ordinary people.

1846

Introduction

Richard Cobden MP led the fight in the House of Commons to repeal the Corn Laws, which taxed imports of grain in order to shore up Britain’s agriculture industry. The laws caused the price of bread to rise, making the poor poorer; after the laws were repealed, Britain became the manufacturing centre of the world.

HOW can protection, think you, add to the wealth of a country? Can you by legislation add one farthing to the wealth of the country?

You may, by legislation, in one evening, destroy the fruits and accumulation of a century of labour; but I defy you to show me how, by the legislation of this House, you can add one farthing to the wealth of the country.

That springs from the industry and intelligence; you cannot do better than leave it to its own instincts.

If you attempt by legislation to give any direction to trade or industry, it is a thousand to one that you are doing wrong; and if you happen to be right, it is work of supererogation, for the parties for whom you legislate would go right without you, and better than with you.

Speech in the House of Commons (27 February, 1846).
Précis
Richard Cobden MP gave a speech in the House of Commons in 1846, during the fight to repeal the Corn Laws. He argued that governments cannot make countries richer by legislation: wealth arises from ordinary people inventing things and making them. Regulation, he said, at best brings little benefit, and at worst can wipe out years of growth.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

What is a farthing?

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