Black Agnes Dunbar

When Edward III sent the Earl of Salisbury to take her absent husband’s castle, Agnes brushed his attack aside - literally.

1338

King Edward III 1327-1377

Introduction

In the 14th century, Patrick, ninth Earl of Dunbar, found himself caught between the warring kings of England and Scotland, and survived by frequently changing sides. His wife was made of sterner stuff...

IN 1338, King Edward III of England saw a chance to put his own man, Edward Balliol, on the Scottish throne. So he sent the Earl of Salisbury to lay siege to Dunbar Castle on the Scottish border, while the Earl of Dunbar, Patrick, was away in France.

But Patrick’s wife Agnes, with her raven-black hair and determined character, proved to be very much her husband’s equal. She contemptuously brushed Salisbury’s attacks aside — literally. Agnes personally led her maids out with brooms to dust the castle walls wherever Salisbury’s latest assault had failed.

So it was that after five long months, Salisbury was compelled to admit defeat, and despite the best efforts of England’s King, Edward Balliol never did ascend the Scottish throne.* Black Agnes Dunbar had seen to that.

Edward was crowned king at Scone in 1332, but never recognised in Scotland, and he was quickly sent back to England. The same happened twice more, in 1333 and 1335, and in 1356 he resigned all claims to the Scottish throne in favour of Edward III of England. During all this time the Scots recognised David II (r. 1324-1371) as their King.

Précis
Hoping to put his own man on the Scottish throne, King Edward III laid siege to Dunbar Castle while the Earl, a potential threat, was away. But the Earl’s wife, Agnes, would not surrender, defiantly dusting down the battlements after each assault. After five months Edward’s men admitted defeat, and the King’s hopes never came to fruition.
Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

Why did Edward III attack the castle when he did?

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

The Earl of Dunbar was in France. King Edward learned of it. He attacked Dunbar castle.

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