Observation

Great inventions come from those who notice what they see.

1871

Introduction

Scottish motivational writer Samuel Smiles held that most of the great discoveries come not from a policy of deliberate ‘invention’ but from instinctively noticing things that other people merely see.

IT is the close observation of little things which is the secret of success in business, in art, in science, and in every pursuit in life.

“Sir,” said Johnson, on one occasion, to a fine gentleman just returned from Italy, “some men will learn more in the Hampstead stage than others in the tour of Europe.”*

It is the mind that sees as well as the eye.

One of the vergers in the cathedral at Pisa, after replenishing with oil a lamp which hung from the roof, left it swinging to and fro; and Galileo, then a youth of only eighteen, noting it attentively, conceived the idea of applying it to the measurement of time.**

Fifty years of study and labour, however, elapsed, before he completed the invention of his Pendulum, — the importance of which, in the measurement of time and in astronomical calculations, can scarcely be overrated.

From ‘Self-Help, with illustrations of Conduct and Perseverance’ by Samuel Smiles (1812-1904).

Dr Samuel Johnson (1709-1784), essayist, scholar and (with his friend and biographer James Boswell) travel writer, who compiled a unique, influential and occasionally witty English dictionary.

** Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), a brilliant Italian scientist who made major contributions in, among others, astronomy, mathemetics and engineering.

Précis
Victorian writer Samuel Smiles quotes Dr Johnson, to the effect that we learn very little from what we see, and nearly everything from what we notice. As an example, he tells how Galileo deduced his laws of the pendulum, of such incalculable importance of modern science, after observing a chandelier swinging in the cathedral at Pisa.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

What does Smiles regard as the key to most creative achievements?

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Galileo noticed a swinging chandelier. Fifty years passed. He designed the first pendulum clock.

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